Chemical potential — Chemical potential, symbolized by μ, is a measure first described by the American engineer, chemist and mathematical physicist Josiah Willard Gibbs. It is the potential that a substance has to produce in order to alter a system.[1] In broadest… … Wikipedia
Chemical ionization — (CI) is an ionization technique used in mass spectrometry.[1][2][3] Chemical ionization is a lower energy process than electron ionization. The lower energy yields less fragmentation, and usually a simpler spectrum. A typical CI spectra has an… … Wikipedia
Chemical classification — systems attempt to classify as elements or compounds according to certain chemical functional or structural properties. Whereas the structural properties are largely intrinsic, functional properties and the derived classifications depend to a… … Wikipedia
Charge ordering — (CO) is a (first or second order) phase transition occurring mostly in strongly correlated materials such as transition metal oxides or organic conductors. Due to the strong interaction, the charge is localized on different sites leading to a… … Wikipedia
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Charge remote fragmentation — is a type of covalent bond breaking that occurs in a gas phase ion in which the cleaved bond is not adjacent to the location of the charge.[1][2] This fragmentation can be observed using tandem mass spectrometry.[3] See also Gas phase ion… … Wikipedia
chemical association — ▪ chemical bonding the aggregation of atoms (atom) or molecules (molecule) into larger units held together by forces weaker than chemical bonds that bind atoms in molecules. The term is usually restricted to the formation of aggregates of… … Universalium
Charge number — or just valance[1] of an ion is the coefficient that, when multiplied by the elementary charge, gives the ion s charge. [2] For example, the charge on a chloride ion, Cl − , is , where e is the elementary charge. This means the charge number for… … Wikipedia
Charge-sustaining — is the mode of operation utilized to manage Battery packs in conventional hybrid vehicles. State of charge (SOC) will fluctuate with driving conditions, but a target SOC is usually around 50 to 60 percent. Discharge patterns consist of many… … Wikipedia
Charge transfer coefficient — Charge transfer coefficient, and symmetry factor (symbols α and β, respectively) are two related parameters used in description of the kinetics of electrochemical reactions. They appear in the Butler Volmer equation and related expressions. The… … Wikipedia